10 Ways to Reduce Your Environmental Footprint Essay

10 ways to reduce your environmental footprint and improve profitability. Posted by Sam Kopytowski [->0]at 7:08 AM[->1] on July 7, 2010 Many companies talk about reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but too often there’s a large gap between words and action. Most companies seem to be holding off on taking any real steps to reduce their environmental footprint because they believe the investment cost is too high. See more: Examples of satire in adventures of huckfinn essay Leading companies, on the other hand, are way ahead of the curve. They know that being proactive on the environment provides risk mitigation benefits. Why? Because they see that government legislation may soon be brought in to regulate CO2 emissions. They understand that external shocks such as wars, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, and pandemic outbreaks can have enormous impacts on supply chains and energy supply. They recognize that oil prices can only move upward. They believe that good corporate citizenship attracts investors and employees. And they see environment sensitivity as a way to differentiate themselves. GHG emission reductions must be tackled the same way you achieve safety in the workplace. You need to implement a strategic plan and stick to it. Greening a company requires commitment and support from the leadership team. Businesses need champions to lead their environmental initiatives†¦ and logisticians may be the best people for the job. Not only are they involved in sourcing, but they make the critical transportation decisions that will contribute to the greening of the company. Here are just some of the considerations they have to weigh: 1) Sourcing well – preferably as close as possible to the customer. We consistently examine the trade-off between cost of goods and transportation. However minimizing long-term costs may require us to consider other factors. What about flexibility – the ability to react quickly to market changes? What about consumer preferences? Ultimately if off-shore sourcing is the best option, the most energy-efficient transportation will be necessary. That might mean ocean freight rather than air freight – and this will require a thorough understanding of lead time. 2) Making domestic transportation decisions with a clear understanding of the benefits of rail versus truck, and what intermodal shipping makes most sense for the company. And, once again, this means understanding lead time and communicating time constraints to the customer. 3) Finding environmental programs like Fleet Smart/Smartway which certify leading edge trucking companies. Leading shippers are now incorporating this requirement into the Request for Proposals. 4) Sourcing energy-efficient equipment and a transportation management system that will optimize fleet routing and scheduling. Driver training will also have a huge impact in reducing GHG emissions. According to Claude Robert of Robert Transport, there’s a 35% reduction in the fuel consumption by the best drivers, compared to the worst. 5) Eliminating idling trucks at the shipping dock. Monitoring of idling engines can be done while checking that the wheels are chocked. 6) Using electric forklifts to load vehicles rather than propane or diesel. 7) Taking advantage of collaborative transportation. As discussed in this column last year, cooperation with other companies, even competing ones, needs to gain greater acceptance as a means to cut costs. It benefits everyone. 8) Converting large trucks to natural gas. Yes, capital costs are higher but, in the long run, there are tremendous fuel savings to be enjoyed while reducing harmful emissions. 9) Reducing packaging wherever possible. You’ll increase the density of your shipments, put more product on the vehicle, and reduce freight rates. 10) Reducing paper flow. Embrace the electronic transfer of information. It reduces costs both in supplies and labour. These are just a few ways that logisticians can green the supply chain. Most important is to take a baseline of where you are today and track your progress. I’m sure you’ll find that environmentally friendly business practices definitely improve profitability. Remember, as PricewaterhouseCoopers points out in its Transportation & Logistics, 2030 study, â€Å"He who focuses on carbon footprinting is stepping on the right foot.† Source: http://wwwxcdlogistics.blogspot.com/2010/07/10-ways-to-reduce-your-environmental.html [->0] – http://www.blogger.com/profile/08905558298613954753 [->1] – http://wwwxcdlogistics.blogspot.com/2010/07/10-ways-to-reduce-your-environmental.html

Family diversity in today’s society Essay

Examine the extend,of and the reasons for family diversity in today’s society. Many sociologists argue that the nuclear family is a universal and dominate institution however there has been an increase in diverse family types for various reasons. Examples of these diverse families are lone parents, reconstitutions and cohabitation families. Although most people experience life in a nuclear family, it represents only a stage in their life cycle. Social and demographic changes have meant that an increasing part of many people’s lives are spent in households that are not based on conventional nuclear families. Firstly the increase of single parents (lone parents) has tripled since 1970s in the UK. About 25% of all families with dependent children are single-parent families. There are various reasons which contribute to the increase of single parenthood but one main one is the demographical changes in the UK, is divorce. Divorce was legalised in the early 1970s and as a con sequences it is cheaper and easier to get a divorce and this one of the explanations for the growth in lone-parent families since the early 1970’s. Whereas in the past it would take years to get a divorce and even then the outcome was not always fair. Feminist argue that diversity is valued and liberal as it gives women a choice. They also argue that this not only benefits women but en as well as they can have more time with the child and care for their children, then in the past that was only seen as the women job. However these traditional values are stilled established by ethnic groups not so much. Another reason for the increase in single parent families is due to greater acceptance in society. There is no longer as stigma that you have conceives a child with in marriage. This is interlinked with secularisation, which means the decline in religious practice and thinking. Therefore religion has very little influence over people lives hence they have a wider option in regards to the type of family they chose. The media also contributes the greater acceptance of single-parents as it depicts them in a positive light today, whereas in the past were it was seen as ‘sinful’. The increase is in single parent families is also due to help of the welfare state. The welfare state provides the single pare nt finical support hence taking the position or the role of the father. As a result women no longer need to rely on men or marriage for support. The increase in never married single mother now accounts for about 40% of all lone parents. Although Britain has become more diverse single  parenthood is still not accepted by everyone. The new right thinker Charles Murray (1984) argues that the increase in lone-parents is due to the over generosity of the welfare state as they have provide for both the parent and their children. Murray argue that this creates ‘perverse incentive’, that is rewarding irresponsible behaviour hence creating a ‘dependency culture’ in which people assume that the state will support them. One of the consequences of the lone parent family is step families (often called reconstituted families) which accounts to about 10% of families with the dependent children in the UK. A reconstituted family is made up of an adult couple, living with at least one child from a previous relationship of one of the partners. However although there is an increase in diverse family types the stepfamily are more at risk of poverty because the stepfather would have to provide for his current step children and his children form a previous relationship. In addition a difference in sexuality has contributed to the increase in family diversity. Gay and lesbian households have become more common and more acceptable in society than in the past. As Jeffrey Weeks, Donovan and Heaphey did their study in 1999 they argue, ‘During the past generation the possibilities of living an openly lesbian and gay have been transformed’. According to Weeks et al (1999) the same sex families look upon their household and friendship network as a chosen family. Same sex families have more option than the conventional heterosexual family and others see these families and an alternative and continuous devolving. Weeks et al argues that this part of a wider social change which can be based on culture and ethnic difference. Another sociologist called Roseneil (2005) develops the idea of chosen your own family. She uses the term hetronorm to refer to the intimate relationship between a heterosexual couple is seen as normal. Cheal (2002) notes that many gays and lesbians are legally allowed to adopt nevertheless many want to retain status of difference because they may feel that by adopting a child they are being shaped or moulded to portray a heterosexual family. Another main reason in why same- sex families increase is the decline in secularisation because some religions condemn homosexuality and now less people are religious in the UK they are more acceptant of homosexuals. Another type of family is singletons; this means that when someone lives by themselves. About 3 in 10 household contains one person. The reasons for  these changes are the increase in separation and divorce has created more 1 person households especially with men under 65 because children are more likely to live with their mother. Also the decline in marriage and the trend in marrying later because people are living longer hence there are more people that are single. Stein (1976) argues the growing number of people choosing to be single is a deliberate choice. However, while many of these choose to remain single some are alone because e there are few partners available in their age group. Furthermore, another type of household is living apart together. It is often assumed that those living alone do not have a partner. However the researcher by Duncan and Phillips (2208) found that 1 in 10 adults are ‘living apart together’ and has become increasingly common. Living apart together is a significant relationship, but not married or cohabiting. Duncan and Phillips found that some couple cannot live together for finical reason and the minority actively chose to live apart may be because they want to keep their home as a security because if the relationship does not work then at least they have a home to go to. Nonetheless although there are various other families it does demolish the existence of the nuclear family as they are still common but it has changed hence becoming more modern. Perspectives like the functionalist and new right as described to be ‘modernist’ because they see modern society. The nuclear family has shaped and changed to fit society which helps maintain it by performing some essential functions. According to Chester (1985), there was little evidence that people were choosing to live on a long-term basis in alternatives to the nuclear family. However, he did accept that some changes were taking place in family life. In particular, many families were no longer ‘conventional’ in the sense that the husband was the sole breadwinner. He accepted more women are out working to finical support their family. He called this new family form, in which wives have got jobs, the neo-conventional family. Although many people are not part of the nuclear family at one time in the life is largely due to the life-cycle. Many people who are currently living alone i.e. widows, singleton or those who are yet to get married, were either part o f a nuclear family in the past or will be in the future. Chester argues that the statistics is misleading and does not portray that most people will spend a major part of their life in a nuclear family. The extended family is another type of family which is three  generations living together. The extended family was strongest in working-class families. It is less important today because of geographical mobility, but research by Finch and Mason (1993) shows that kinship ties are still important for most. They also receive finical help from extended family and they also found that the women are more actively involved with extended family. Wilmot (1988) did his study on the dispersed extended family and the beanpole family. Wilmot (1988) argues that there are four main types of extended family; extended family of residence where the members live in the same household, the local extended family – where 2 or 3 nuclear families live separately but in close proximity and see each other often, the dispersed extended family – nuclear families who see each other frequently but live further apart and do not see each other as regularly and the attenuated extended family – similar to the dispersed extended family but the contact is even less frequent. Brannen (2003) argues that there is a strong intergenerational links between generations mainly because people are living longer. However the links between the intragenerational links between siblings, cousins etc. were somewhat weaker. Therefore Brannen characteristic contemporary family structure as being long and thin and she compares it to the beanpole. A beanpole family is a nuclear family with one or two children who maintain regular contact with grandparents. Furthermore another concept which has contributed to the increase in diverse families is culture diversity. There’s is an increase of people with different ethnic background hence this means there alternative family forms and living arrangements. Ghazala Bhatti carries out her study in 1999 on Asian families living in the southern England. She found that the conflict between generations has created a new family type as the children may not marry someone with the same background. However Bhatti stresses that these families were not the norm. Within black families there is high rate of female-headed houses, lone-parent black families has someti mes been seen as evidence of disorganisation which link back to slavery. This is because under slavery when people were taken the children would stay with their mothers. Also due to high rate of unemployment among black men has meant that they cannot provide for their family which as a consequence lead to high rates of desertion or marital breakdown. Also among Asian families their household do contain three generation but most are in fact nuclear  rather than extended families. Larger Asian households also to some extent reflect the value placed on the extended family in Asian cultures. These differences are likely to have resulted from the fact that many Asian immigrants have come from a traditional agricultural economy where family patterns are more like pre-industrial Britain. Thus, minority ethnic families have not just contributed to family diversity through each group having its own distinctive family pattern. They have also contributed to it through developing diverse family patterns within each ethnic group.

‘Manhunt’ in comparison to ‘In Paris with you’

Both poems focus on the difficulties of being close to another person after past experiences. The male speaker in the poem ‘In Paris with You’ is unwilling to discuss his experiences of the past because he was â€Å"bamboozled† and is now focusing on the present, â€Å"I’m on the rebound†. The husband in ‘The Manhunt’ is similarly closed on the subject of the past because of his experience of war, â€Å"The blown hinge of his lower jaw† shows that he is unable to talk of his experience and it is like a door which is no longer open to his wife.The narrator of ‘In Paris with You’ does not want to spend time visiting famous parisian landmarks like â€Å"Notre Dame†, instead he wants to stay in an â€Å"Old hotel room† having sex with the woman. This shows that the man does not want to spend time getting to know her but instead he uses her. The poet uses colloquial language – â€Å"downed a drink or two† – to reflect the lack of care for the woman. In ‘The Manhunt’ the wife is searching for her husband who seems lost to her, metaphorically, after war.She is â€Å"climbing the rungs of his broken ribs† which shows she is trying to reach his heart to let him know she’s there, she is â€Å"climbing† which takes a lot of effort in a gradual search for her husband. In ‘The Manhunt’ the poet shows effort to connect with another person. On the other hand in ‘In Paris with You’ the man shows no effort in getting close to the woman, which is reflected by the colloquial language.

Find your own topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Find your own topic - Essay Example This law protects the interest of businessman, government, society and all the stake holder to that interest. This law is procured by the congress to regulate certain interstate commerce. All the statutes put in the codified form in the United States Code. Also many statutes give the power to executive branch agencies to create regulation which generally published into federal register and codified into Code of federal regulations. Under the Chevron doctrine regulations carry the force of law. Under the principle of stare decisis many lawsuit turn into meaning of a federal statue or regulation. Legal force been carried out on judicial interpretation of such meaning. In federal constitution like the military, money, foreign affairs (especially international matters), tariffs, intellectual property (generally copyrights and patents), mail there were an express grant of power to the federal government, this was specially focused during 18th and 19th century. After the start of 20th cent ury broad interpretation of commerce and spending clauses applied on various sectors like aviation, telecommunications, railroads, pharmaceuticals, antitrust and trademarks. Certain areas like railroads, aviation federal government has developed some comprehensive schemes that interpret virtually all kind of state law, but in case of family law relatively small number of people interacts with large amount of state law in interstate and international situation. For employment law, trademark and antitrust case both federal and state law coexist. But for some areas like insurance congress refused to enact any laws as those areas are covered by state laws. II. LEGISLATION. Federal regulation are created by the method called rule making. Public consult is necessary for creation, modification or if deleting is necessary for any rules from the Federal Regulation Code for federal agencies. Code of Federal Regulation is a yearly publication where complete list of the Regulations of Federal A gencies available. When a regulation needs to be add, change or delete then the consecutive agency should published a propose rule in the Federal Register for the public opinion. After an agency verified the public opinions and changes been implemented then that agency can publish the new rules of federal register and mention the dates from when law should be effective and enforceable. But after final rule of comment agency should always response and describe to any public queries. On the other hand state laws are different types, it only applicable to the people who lives in the state. Here state legislatures create a bill and pass it to governor for sign it, and when governor sign it transform into a law. Again there are state court who can reject the law if they do not agree with the state’s constitution. The Law Library of Congress having a library guide for each and every state which helps public to find different state’s individual laws and regulations. III. RATI ONALE. Congress has the power to regulate interstate and international commerce. That is why they had to prevent any deceptive or fraudulent action been taken by one to achieve economic advantage in a particular market over others. This is a reasonable approach from congress to undermine the free-market economy of the United States. Business has a direct impact on society and cultural values. Every business in any given market has the equal right to develop a unique product or service

Specialized Patrol Functions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Specialized Patrol Functions - Essay Example They also leave themselves open to critics who say they go too far in their activities resulting in a hostile community where people exist in a police state. Narcotics law enforcement is one of the biggest uses of a special force. The members of these units are trained in drug identification as well as knowledge of the drug business in a regional area. The duties often involve undercover work to initiate a buy or get information on drug activity. According to the FBI, "Law enforcement officers often employ trickery and deception to catch those involved in criminal activity" (Kukura 1993). Kukura further states that the Supreme Court has upheld these tactics as legal. This may be effective at prosecuting international drug suspects or child pornographers. However, when it is used against small time drug users in local neighborhoods it can result in a community backlash of racism or injustice. Gang activity in our major cities has grown to epidemic proportions. To effectively investigate and prosecute gang activity necessitates a specialized unit that understands the gang mentality and the law enforcement tools that are available to reduce gang activity. Police need information about members' names, ages, modes of transportation, spending patterns, and the political climate of the neighborhoods they operate in (Bureau of Justice 1997).

Henry Clay, In Defense of the American System, 1832 Essay

Henry Clay, In Defense of the American System, 1832 - Essay Example rs worked against tremendous odds in 1824, as those opposed to the American System predicted its doom on several counts like the destruction of the public revenue, inevitability of the enhancement of direct taxes, destruction of the navigation, misery of the commercial cities, sharp increase in the commodities of public consumption and blow to the export market with decline in international trade. All the predictions of the critics went haywire, and the American Economy passed through the phase of economic boom. 2. With economy regaining its original health and prosperity booming on all counts, America was facing the consequences arising out of that boom. The foes of the American System, being jealous of that great leap in economy, were on the scheme of subversion, and the vast amount of revenue produced created its own problems as every branch of American navigation had increased. Certain consequential actions relating to the progress of fulfillment of the benefits were considered necessary. One of the worst economic indicators of the economy was the enormous public debt of the country. Time was ripe to abolish the system to which the legislations owed so much to the public prosperity and the country looked forward to a period of redemption and consolidation of the economy. To get rid of the public debt as the interest liabilities were heavy was the first priority. The system had to break free of this economic serfdom. Opinion was divided about the liquidation of the public debt liability. Some argued that the public debt was the secondary concern and other projects and accomplishments needed to get priority. The Henry Clay argued â€Å"But the people of the United States have not coupled the payment of their public debt with the destruction of the protection of their industry, against foreign laws and foreign industry.† (Clay, 1832)The liquidation of the public debt was considered absolutely essential. The other economic indicators were establishment of a

Employment relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Employment relations - Essay Example Small firms have a small market share in any given economy and individual firm’s actions cannot significantly impact the entire industry or economy. Therefore, individual firms cannot significantly influence national or regional prices or quality. Most small firms are managed in a personalised way because owners are attached to them. Consequently, their personalised feelings attached to business make them active in all aspects of their business. According to Department for Business Innovation and Skills (2010), there are over 4,801,250 small business enterprises in the United Kingdom. Sections 382 and 465 of the United Kingdoms’ Company Act 2006 define small firms as business entities with zero to forty-nine employees, ?0-?6.5 million turnover and ?0-?3.26 million balance sheet total. Small businesses have their own challenges and benefits. According to The Times 100 (2011), two thirds of small business in the United Kingdom are owned and run by a single person (manager ). This means that about two-thirds of the small firms in the United Kingdom are managed by owners. Furthermore, 90 percent of small firms employee six people and below. Managers may be owners or employees of an organisation and are responsible for overall performance of a firm. The key objective of a manager is to utilise assets, money, materials and human resources effectively and efficiently to achieve objectives (profit maximization) of a firm. This is achieved through well-coordinated human efforts. Therefore, he or she needs to set organizational goals and manage his or her staff well. To achieve firms’ objectives, managers apply different management styles as dictated by the nature of the business and personality. Some of the management styles applied by managers of small firms include autocratic, participative and situational management styles. Characteristics of small firms Every manager must understand the features of the firm he or she is managing to be in a positi on to positively influence its processes and outcome through application of appropriate management style. According to Moore (2008), small firms have distinctive features. First, managers are more of doers and less of managers. They work because they do not afford to employ more individuals to carry out certain duties on their behalf. Therefore, they are more action oriented and less analytical as compared to professional managers. Secondly, managers act as entrepreneurs. They scan the environment and take the risks of coming up with new ideas and implementing them. Thirdly, managers of small firms do not have adequate time allocated to planning. When they plan, plans are often postponed or neglected. Fourthly, small firms are made up of simple and highly informal organizational structure. This enables managers to make quick decisions. As a result, managers in small firms are more powerful and exert strong personal influence on firm’s operations and activities. The fifth char acteristic of small firms is that most managers apply both autocratic and participative management approach. Sixth, small firms are vulnerable to failures caused by managerial inefficiencies because more power and authority are vested on one or few individuals. Seventh, small firms are more likely to face isolated financial and personnel constraints. The eighth characteristic is that small firms undergo growth and development phases. According to Storey (1994), inception, survival, growth, expansion and maturity phases are five phases of growth that small firms often undergo to grow to medium and to large firms. Each phase has its unique strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Most small firms are in the inception, survival and growth phases. Beyond, the three initial stages, firms may be classified as medium or small because they are likely to have more than fifty employees, over ?6.5 million turnover and more than ?3.26 million balance sheet total. Managing small firms: Is Small Beautiful? Appraisal of management styles in small firms Autocratic, partici

Principles and practice of leadership and management Essay

Principles and practice of leadership and management - Essay Example According to Egri and Herman, contingent leadership theories are those that predict relations while Hartog (1999) in an in-depth research on culturally implicit theories observes that contingent theories are twofold as attributes embraced in one culture may be discouraged in another. Since there are myriads of these theories, many of them overlap to an extent that merges others into a whole i.e. the transactional, laissez-faire, and transformational/charismatic leadership. Egri and Herman defined transactional leaders as those in charge of subordinates’ work performance to achieve a certain goal whereas the transformational leaders are those that inspire others to achieve their goals, visions, and missions by empowering them.Egri and Herman added that of particular importance in leadership is the behavior of the leader since it acts as a gauge on how to handle his or her subordinates, peers and superiors. Thus shaded light that highly effective leaders are those that are able to use multiple approaches such as human resource, structural, political, symbolic among others to ensure that they influence the team towards achieving their objectives.Culturally based theories expound leadership attributes that are ingrained in any particular culture. He argues that criterion used by different societies to consider one as a leader is of paramount importance since, across cultures, they are quite different if not complex behaviors and attributes that are critically looked for in leadership and may differ in different cultures.... e in charge of subordinates’ work performance to achieve a certain goal whereas the transformational leaders are those that inspire others to achieve their goals, visions and missions by empowering them. Egri and Herman (pp.6) added that of particular importance in leadership is the behavior of the leader since it acts as a gauge on how to handle his or her subordinates, peers and superiors. Thus shaded light that highly effective leaders are those that are able to use multiple approaches such as human resource, structural, political, symbolic among others to ensure that they influence the team towards achieving their objectives. Culturally based theories expound leadership attributes that are ingrained in any particular culture, (Hartog 1999 p.7). He argues that criterion used by different societies to consider one as a leader are of paramount importance since across cultures, they are quite different if not complex behaviors and attributes that are critically looked for in l eadership and may differ in different cultures. This makes the cultural conception of the most characteristics of a leader to vary. Hartog continues to highlight that the Implicit Leadership Theories (ILTs) have over time been employed to explain leadership attributes and perceptions. These theories are based on the general attributes that are universally considered in a leader across cultures. As aforementioned, the ILTs are formed with universally accepted elements such as categorization, prototype etc. which are the backbone of these theories. These theories are employed in almost all the main leadership theories as the root systems for their existence. For instance, in discussing the transactional, laissez-faire and transformational theories, (Hartog 1999, Egri &Herman 2000) the key

Position Paper on The Applicability of the KouzesPosner Model of Essay

Position Paper on The Applicability of the KouzesPosner Model of Leadership - Essay Example While this may be true, it is often in an extreme crisis situation that leadership is ultimately tested. They have developed a framework identifying five specific practices critical to effective leadership in organizations. These include the following: Includes actions like seeking challenging opportunities for themselves and employees in pursuit of company goals, pushing new approaches inside the company, looking for ways to improve, experimenting and taking appropriate risks, creating a learning environment inside the work units, exercising initiative to overcome obstacles. The search for opportunity begins when leaders take on meaningful challenges, and thus experience conditions that test their capabilities. Leaders should be able to assess and take risks. From those experiences, they can learn to lead a team to accomplish extraordinary achievements (Kouzes and Posner 2002). The CEO of Dell Michael Dell challenged the processes used to sell computers to consumers Michael Dell definitely broke the rules and continues to do so. He was able to bring others into accepting his vision of a better way to sell computers. He was the first to sell directly to the end-user and he was the first to use the Internet so effectively to sell his computers. Focuses on talking about future trends, c... He was able to bring others into accepting his vision of a better way to sell computers. He was the first to sell directly to the end-user and he was the first to use the Internet so effectively to sell his computers. b) Inspiring a Shared Vision Focuses on talking about future trends, communicating a positive view of the future, appealing to others to share in their vision of the future, demonstrating to others how future interests can be reached through the company, being enthusiastic and positive about the future, speaking with positive conviction about the meaning of work. To enlist the support of a team for a common purpose, leaders must effectively convey their own vision. Furthermore, leaders need to cultivate a shared sense of ownership of that vision; only then will team members mobilize for the greater good of the team and its common goal (Kouzes and Posner 2002) ExampleA good example of this is Milton Stewart now represents Davis Wright Tremaine, LLP as the director of business development. Along with managing over 400 attorneys, his responsibilities in the firm include forecasting, planning and communication with his clients. Milton has been able to inspire a shared vision by being consistent and staying on message. He truly believes that you can win at business ethically thus this is one of the visions he shares with his employees, and thus wants them to be ethical in their dealings. Milton hates to leave things unfinished, never leaving the ball in his court. Milton responds to every email, letter, or phone call, exemplifying his belief that who you are and what you do, are one in the same. Mr. Stewart another vision which he shares with his

Health Care Management Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Health Care Management Program - Essay Example Health Care Management Program Some of the best mentors and leadership role models whom she has worked with at prior institutions have helped excel Ms. Webb in providing her with a plethora of best practices, creating learning environments, and pushing her limits and boundaries. She seems to be very grateful for that. For example, some of the main services included in the field of healthcare management are preventative care, emergency services, and follow-up and rehabilitation. Without effective management, the coordination of healthcare services and improvement in the health of patients is not possible. Therefore, healthcare practitioners and concerned authorities need to design an effective healthcare management system in order to ensure provision of best health facilities to people. This course is set up to explain the definition of healthcare management and the roles a healthcare manager represents within the industry. A healthcare manager has the most critical role to play in ensuring the wellbeing of patients. He/she is the one who is responsible for provision of the highest quality health services to patients using all available resources. The purpose of this assignment to gain an insight into the way a health care manager effectively uses their resources related to finance, human retention , human resources, and strategic services. The goal of this assignment given to us is to gain an insight into the way healthcare managers understand their professional practice in terms of a business, as well as to know what efforts they can do to improve the health of patients. ... lar business needs to have an in-depth understanding of all core issues related to the business, as well as of all internal and external business issues in order to run the business successfully. The manager is the person who is mainly responsible for all ups and downs of the business. Therefore, managers must be competent enough to ensure growth of the business. In case of healthcare industry, the managers of healthcare organizations need to have all leadership skills and abilities, as well as advanced professional experience to accomplish the organization’s goals, objectives, and mission successfully (Flynn et al. 2007). To complete this assignment, I visited Children’s Hospital Colorado (CHC) on Monday, September 23, 2013 at 3:00 p.m. to interview Ms. Dianna Webb who is the Business Manager of the said organization. During interview, I discussed and understood her professional duties and responsibilities in her current position at Children’s Hospital Colorado (CHC) located at 13123 East 16th Avenue, B300, Aurora, CO 80045. Ms. Webb’s direct line is (303) 724-2357. Ms. Webb’s educational background includes a BS in Biology from Michigan State University where she set her professional goals to become an OBGYN. However, after shadowing her brother’s pathway to become a physician, she decided to go for something else. Therefore, she began working on obtaining a master’s degree at Cornell to help her professional track with a position in midlevel or executive hospital management where she could lead a department. Her professional job responsibilities at this position include planning budgets, evaluating staff, writing and overseeing quality and patient services. She further told me that she entailed more responsibilities while moving up with her career. For

Business Context and Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Context and Operations - Essay Example Convenience food business is increasingly growing as this helps the nutrition needs of busy career bodies. HCF’s supply chain has to meet the growing demands of the consuming public. Some suppliers did not meet schedules, so HCF has to apply innovations in supply chain by introducing in-house manufacturing of a special kind of sauce. This paper will talk about operations management and supply chain relations. Introduction Consumption of chilled food is increasing in many parts of the world. One of the main reasons for this is convenience; chilled foods are convenient to prepare. Hadrian’s Country Foods (HCF) started by supplying chilled foods to family and friends. HCF’s founder, Dr. Andrew Smith, saw the need for chilled foods with nutritious ingredients. As the company grew, it started to meet numerous problems and challenges in management and supply chain. HCF must introduce an effective supply chain and operational management. Products have to be consistent w ith new lifestyles and new product innovation (NPD) must meet consumer demands. HCF has to improve its operations in delivery of products and services to improve supply chain relationships. Task 1 HCF’s Operations Management Operations management is transforming inputs into outputs, or the production capability of the firm. In terms of quality, operations management focuses on internal activities of the firm, such as ‘process control, process improvement, product design improvement, and design of experiments’ (Foster et al. 2011, p. 2286). HCF receives ingredients from its suppliers, transforms the inputs into products, and makes the supply chain moving until the product reaches the retailers (the supermarkets) and end users. The company has to introduce innovations and create new menus with ingredients that boast the health of consumers and meet the delicate taste of consumers. Improvement of processing operations must consider how it can enhance operational per formance to satisfy customers. HCF has two kinds of market: B2B and B2C markets. Challenges and Opportunities Product innovation must be continuously introduced because of competition. The company has to stimulate the market with its diverse chilled foods and introduce new delicious menus to meet consumers’ demands and taste. Products have to be consistent with new lifestyles and new product development must provide customer satisfaction. HCF has to conduct regular research and development as a regular activity and a focus for R&D should be how to reduce operational costs. R&D can experiment on new health foods as competition is growing in the food industry. Innovative ways of reducing costs can be discovered. For example, packaging is significant in reducing operating costs. An example of effective packaging for food items is ‘combined transit and point-of-sale packaging’ which saves labour time through faster shelf loading and easy access to product and uses le sser resources. The total distribution cost influences the demand side as this affects price. For some fast-moving commodity like chilled foods, the cost of distribution and retail selling affect the total product cost which represents about 50 percent of the product price (Coles 2003). Reducing costs, especially in distribution, attracts retailers like supermarkets. Information technology (IT) application to shorten workload is another opportunity to improve production and distribution. IT can enhance the â€Å"

It was a bitter winters night Essay Example for Free

It was a bitter winters night Essay It was a bitter winters night and George was sitting in his big white house. Georges lapdog, Tony, was lying at his owners feet. His big pointy ears were jiggling and his huge forehead was creasing up as he breathed in and out. George was watching television. Although he was not really mentally capable of understanding some of the intellectual humour he was watching, he happily sat there giggling away at the Tweenies with Tony. George and Tony deserved to relax after the hard day they had had at school. George was head boy at his school, the United School of Akronica, and he was having a spot of trouble with one of the other boys. Sammy Whosayne was bullying other children in his class and George thought that he should do something about it. George also believed that Sammy had some stink-bombs of mass poignancy but he could not prove anything. Although George was head boy, it did not mean he could do what he wanted; he had to speak to one of the teachers first. The teacher that he had to speak to on this occasion was called Mrs. U.Benn. She was in charge of the committee against bullying, Necessitarians Against The Oppressors. Usually, U. Benn and NATO sorted out problems between different groups within the school but this time she said no because George could not prove that Sammy had stink-bombs of mass poignancy. George was furious; he couldnt believe that they had said no to him. He soon got over it though when he saw something shiny on the floor. George realised that if he want to do anything about Sammy Whosayne, he was going to have to do it himself. He realised that he could not do it by himself. He asked help from his friend Pierre Le-Grenouille. Unfortunately for George, Pierre was a bit of a wimp and said that he did not want to go to fight anyone. What a coward. Anyway, although slightly disheartened, George continued to plan his fight against Sammy after hed finished his warm milk and colouring in. George had gathered up his friends and they looked quite impressive, his dog Tony and he made quite a team. The two of them burst into Sammy Whosaynes classroom. They were much more heavily armed than him. George was equipped with the latest advances in paper aeroplanes. The planes flew into the class room taking out everything in their path (providing it was also made out of paper). This was lucky because Sammy had built his defences entirely out of paper. George attack completely wiped out the bullys fortresses. He fled with his friends for fear of getting a paper cut. George was so happy that he couldnt stop himself from giggling like a little girl. After Georges crushing victory, he embarked on a search of the classroom for the stink-bombs of mass poignancy. He started this colossal task by checking in Whosaynes locker. Obviously not realising that the locker was open, George set about trying to push the door open. He pushed as hard as he could for a good forty-nine minutes. Eventually Tony the dog, who had watched the whole pathetic affair, decided he couldnt take it anymore and decided to show George that the door was unlocked and all he had to do was pull it. Tired out after pushing a solid piece of metal for forty-nine minutes, George languidly routed through the deviants locker for any signs of the stink bombs of mass-poignancy. The locker was covered in dust, much like a certain middle-eastern country whose name escapes me. He searched every nook and cranny of the cupboard. He went bravely into the cracks and caverns without knowing what he would find. After what seemed like months of searching (it was actually about twenty minutes), George was fruitless. As NATO had guessed, Sammy did not have any stink bombs of mass poignancy. George did not even catch Sammy. He was very embarrassed. He was also quite worried as there was an election coming up for head boy. He realised that he had to find Sammy and then possibly his reputation would be saved although, if were being perfectly honest, his reputation wasnt really one worth saving. He searched the playground for the rest of break and just as things were looking bad, he saw someone hidden in the climbing frame that looked very much like the fugitive bully. He went up to him but he realised that hed gotten the wrong person because the person hed found had a beard. He apologised and walked off. As he was walking off, Tony kicked him which provoked thought. He thought that a boy having a beard was rather unusual at a school. He went back and the boy looked a little worried at the sight of a jolly giggling little man rushing towards him. George went up to him with a stern look of concentration on his face. He opened his mouth and, to the horror of Tony, he asked the bearded boy what life was like in the sixth form. As we all will have guessed by now, the bearded boy was actually Sammy Whosayne in what was frankly a pretty pathetic disguise (although it did fool George). Sammy opened his mouth and thats when George finally realised who it was. He grabbed him and took him out to show the rest of the play ground. Ive caught him he shouted. Not realising that nobody cared and that they werent listening he carried on his speech. I have capturidafied this hooligan and hopefully he will not continue to tormentify us any more. Thank me very much for giving me your attention. It was a good job that no one was listening because he would have made a complete ass out of himself. Not only had his speech included words that didnt exist but where he believed he was holding a master criminal, he was actually clutching a piece of tarpaulin with some loose bits of hair stuck to it. By this point Tony the dog had given up trying to help him. This is the end of my tale about a stupid man with power and his pet. As of yet, we do not know if George will be elected as head of the United School of Akronica but lets hope, for all our sakes, that someone with more common sense gets the job.

Spiritual Journeys: Dante And St Augustine

Spiritual Journeys: Dante And St Augustine The individual spiritual journeys of Dante in the Divine Comedy and St. Augustine in the Confessions are quite similar, as each man searches for divine love and grace, and true eternal closeness to God. Both Dante and St. Augustine admired and were heavily influenced by Virgil, the classical Roman poet of the Aeneid, in their writing and works; however, because of their strong Christian faith, Dante and Augustine also make it clear in their autobiographical accounts that Virgils pagan beliefs cannot receive salvation, or allow the soul to enter heaven after death. Dantes journey begins with the poet being portrayed as spiritually lost in sin, in the darkness of woods, when a guide is sent to him in the form of the ancient Roman poet Virgil, who represents human reason and wisdom. Virgil tells Dante that the only way out of the darkness is for Virgil to lead him through Hell and Purgatory, in order for Dante to recognize the nature of sin and the consequences of his actions. Once Virgil has guided Dante to the top of Mount Purgatory, where the renunciation and rejection of sin occurs, Virgil tells the Pilgrim that he can no longer accompany him on his final journey to Heaven, because human reason cannot reach the ultimate height of Paradise. Dante is lead instead to Heaven by his beloved Beatrice, who is now living as one of the blessed in the afterlife, and who also symbolizes divine love. Much like Dante, St. Augustines journey also begins with his confessions as being spiritually lost, especially in his earlier years as a sinful youth, turning away from God, and preoccupied with only worldly desires and needs of the flesh. St. Augustine implores in Book VI of his Confessions, Thou hadst made me wiser, yet did I walk in darkness, and in slippery places, and sought Thee abroad out of myself, found not the God of my heart; and had come into the depths of the sea, and distrusted and despaired of ever finding truth (Augustine 94). Here St. Augustine talks about the darkness he walked in during his early life, very similar to Dantes struggle and despair in his own dark woods of sin, where Virgil finds him in the beginning of the Inferno. St. Augustine describes his spiritual void and emptiness further, stating, And I perceived myself to be far off from Thee [God], in the region of unlikeness (134). In this declaration, St. Augustine is associating his many sins with a regi on of unlikeness, which causes him to wander aimlessly without direction or purpose, becoming hopelessly lost. Whereas Dantes descent into Hell in the Inferno is both dramatically real and an allegorical representation of his souls journey towards God, St. Augustines Confessions represents a metaphorical rather than physical journey of the soul, as Augustine searches for divine truth and grace. However, both men view this spiritual descent as necessary in order for the human soul to attain ultimate closeness to God. An example of this is expressed by St. Augustine in Book IV of his Confessions, when he states, Even now, after the descent of Life to you, will ye not ascend and live? But whither ascend ye, when ye are on high, and set your mouth against the heavens? Descend, that ye may ascend, and ascend to God. For ye have fallen, by ascending against Him (64). Furthermore, according to John Freccero, author of Dante: The Poetics of Conversion, In the spiritual life, one must descend in humility before one can begin the ascent to truth, and in the physical world, according to both Dante and A ristotle, one must travel downward with respect to our hemisphere in order to rise (74). This spiritual belief of descending in humility before one can rise again is clearly echoed by both Dante and St. Augustine in their poetic works regarding Christian faith. Virgil, the pagan Roman poet of the Aeneid, also plays an important role in the autobiographical accounts of Dante and St. Augustine as well. Dante uses Virgil as his guide to illustrate Virgils supreme human reason and intellect during his journey, as well as emphasizing Dantes heartfelt admiration for the classical Roman poet. However, to demonstrate and make clear his devout and strict Christian beliefs, Dante places Virgil in Limbo, the first circle of Hell, along with other virtuous pagan Roman poets of the past. Dantes placement of Virgil and the other non-Christians is essential, since they can never be allowed to enter Paradise because of their pagan beliefs. Virgil himself understands this divine judgment delivered by God, when he states to the poet Sordello in Canto VII, I am deprived of Heaven for no fault other than my lack of faith (Alighieri et al. 56). Dante shows that despite Virgils moral perfection, he was without faith, and human reason alone can never reach Heaven . St. Augustine also admired the Roman poet Virgil during his early life, and being a successful teacher of rhetoric, Augustine understood very well a life led by reason. However, he, like Dante, discovers that reason alone is not enough to gain salvation from God, and as a result, was spiritually lost, tormented by temptation and sin. Thus, St. Augustine too realizes it is only when one has true faith in God that eternal salvation can be achieved. As Olson reminds us, Augustine testifies to how reason puts man on the road toward God, and how it is [only] faith that informs and elevates reason, taking it beyond its natural limitations while never being tyrannical or confining in any way. [St. Augustine] summarized this seemingly paradoxical fact in the famous dictum, I believe, in order to understand; and I understand, the better to believe (Augustines Confessions). History of Portraiture: Changes in Styles and Techniques History of Portraiture: Changes in Styles and Techniques The immemorial fascination of mans own image and of those of his fellow human beings arose a desire in men to attempt and embellish his likeliness into a physical medium. However at the time portrait was exclusive to those who wished to celebrate mans relationship with God and the divine rulers of the times, which makes the Renaissance a revolutionary era for portraiture and the development or artist techniques. The common subjects of royalty and wealth were joined together with the trivial and oppressed, giving artists around the world more latitude to delve into painting intricate and thought-provoking portraits to be cherished for centuries. Deciding to undertake the task of compiling the substantial triumphs for portraiture styles and methods over time, I plan to introduce it in the span of six notable art movements and cover the most significant artist of the time. The theme portraiture hold a special place in my heart, its enigmatic and flexible principles give the artist the u pmost freedom to depict people in a way that suits them. Its a theme that lasted through the test of time, becoming more and more popular as the centuries turn. Jan Van Eyck was a powerful visionary in 15th century with his command of linear perspective and capticating interiors that bathed in golden lights, his art sank into oblivion until the 1930s. Expressing a new awareness of reality through the use of oil paint, he crafted remarkable paintings and portraits that had remarkable attention to detail, observation of nature and light, and constructing spaces steeped in elegant interior which inhabited realistic characters. His careful positioning, golden lights and expert command of the technique of oil painting made him one of the most significant representative of the Renaissance art movement. His style and technique was a step up from the less realistic depiction of human forms by the then pre-Renaissance artists Giotto di Bondone and Cimabue. As the 17th century approached, the subject for painters was changing as the patrons no longer served an essential role in the choice of subjects and composition. Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio painted people who were then counted as trivial: peasants appeared alongside sovereigns and saints, crafting a new approach to portraiture for his time. At the beginning of his artistic career he broke through with his loose interpretations of traditional subjects, painting the first still life in the history of art as a subject in itself and knowingly portrayed saints as everyday people. The conventions of his time didnt worry him, nor did the already established art guidelines. He did not make primary sketches but place the paint straight to the canvas, using the foundation coats as an artistic element.   The early works of the artist revealed his love of poetic naturalism that was inspired by his everyday life. Caravaggios approach to chiaroscuro (the artistic play of light and shadow) was a clear departure from the art conventions of Mannerism. These conventions found their way into the most significant Baroque and Rococo artists. In the 18th century, a new freedom became apparent with the French painters as they began portraying a carefree and libertine behavior of society consistently in their artwork. The most noteworthy artist of the time was the Rococo painter Franà §ois Boucher. He was highly adept in many forms of media as he switched traditional bright oil paints to forms of decorative art. Adopting a high tone palette that favoured blues and pinks, he set a definite foundation for most paintings of dream-like quality. His paintings of beautiful women in rich silk clothing endorsed scenes of erotic and passionate love. Oil and gouache sketches were common in preparation for his bigger commissions as his careful attention to finer background detail made the scene more poignant and alive, filling it with character and passion. The dream like qualities of his prominent artwork carried on into the triumph or Romanticism. The spirituality and the influences from the previous eras stimulated the imagination of artists around the world. The art historian and theoretician of colour, Eugà ¨ne Delacroix was and still is the acknowledged master of Romanticism and one of the last great decorative painters. His passion for colours and the depiction of lively composition is reflected in his canvas won the admiration of the public. Everything is the subject; the subject is yourself: our impressions, your emotions when faced with nature. he professed. His skill in the thick impasto unified well with his choice of colours, giving his paintings the form of a sketch. The innovative take on colour, the earthy shades and the use of rich varnishes changed the way most artists composed their portraits and subject matters, crafting their styles to match Delacroixs. The analytical approach to colour is recognised in almost all realism, impressionism and art nouveu paintings that dominated the early 20th century. The creations of Vincent Van Gogh, albeit spanning over a short period of ten years, contained distinguishing marks of his life and the tourment he endoured as well as the places he lived in. The canvases beared his trademark frantic colours and figures in the form of various self-portraits, landscapes and scenes from ordinary day to day life. His impact on art gave colour a new meaning in the works of artists and put forth a new style in which the painter can place his brush on the canvas. A new approach to light and colour enabled him to go beyond both Impressionism and Neo-Impressionism, enabling his style in his self-portraits to experience a change that brough critisim upon him at the time. The intense expressiveness, accompanied by a turmoil of brush strokes produced a new wave of artists stimulated to create more illusive and stylised paintings to continue the tradition of expressive portraiture.

Shifting Attitudes Toward The Poor In Victorian England History Essay

Shifting Attitudes Toward The Poor In Victorian England History Essay Shifting Attitudes toward the Poor in Victorian England. The 1880s have usually been described in terms of a rediscovery of poverty and a decline of individualism in the public conscience of Victorian England despite more than a century of unparalleled commercial progress. The publication of Henry Georges Progress and Poverty in 1881 opened a period characterised by books and surveys which focused public attention on the problems of poverty and squalor by providing compelling numerical justification for more collectivist and socialist government policies. Even Gladstone openly acknowledged in his 1864 budget statement that the astonishing development of modern commerce under free trade was insufficient to remove an enormous mass of paupers who were struggling manfully but with difficulty to avoid pauperdom. Throughout the 1880s, it was clear even to the most steadfast upholder of the individualist ethic that not everyone was able to practise the virtues of self-help or to benefit fro m them. Through a combination of what Derek Fraser identifies as podsnappery (I dont want to know about it) and the seemingly infinite capacity of the economy to generate wealth, the real facts of continuing poverty were obscured from a large part of Victorian society until the investigations and statistical proofs from social reformers such as Charles Booth and Seebohm Rowntree garnered gradual acceptance for the notion that poverty was the consequence of complex economic and social factors beyond the control of the individuals. This shift in popular attitude marked the foundation of the modern welfare state in Britain that would take shape throughout the twentieth century under the Labour party. In this paper, I want to argue that the change in attitudes from the idea of pauperism as social inefficiency that could be dealt with privately to poverty as an issue of physical inefficiency that could be solved publicly was a direct result of the failure of self-help to alleviate the pl ight of the working class and the poverty studies spawned in the wake of such a realization by social reformers in the late Victorian and early Edwardian periods. A social philosophy emerged in the beginning of the nineteenth century in response to the explosive economic and social changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution. Between 1820 and 1870, English economic and political thought was overshadowed byà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the Ricardian economic systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the Malthusian population theory and Adam Smiths Wealth of Nations (1776).  [6]  A laissez-faire economic policy developed that called for free trade and free economic forces to work within a free market with free competition. The individual was to be allowed to fulfill his true potential unrestricted by the trammels of unnecessary restrictions and regulations which were infringements on his liberty.  [7]  The nature of behaviour in human society was closely related to the economic role performed, and so ideas about the structure and function of society emerged as a social adjunct of economic theory. Laissez-faire society emphasised individualism, utilitarianism, and self-interest. By mid century, the virtues of the capitalist middle class that had produced the calm and prosperity of the second quarter of the nineteenth century were elevated into a moral code for all [that became] almost a religion.  [8]  The social philosophy of Victorianism crystallised into four great tenets: work, thrift, respectability, and above all self-help.  [9]   Self-help became the supreme virtue  [10]  that underpinned Victorian society. The success of England by the time of the Great Exhibition in 1851 was credited with Smiths ideal of individuals pursuing their self-interests. The open, competitive society with its enormous opportunities enabled all to rise by their own talents, unaided by government agency. Man, in the Victorian era, was master of his own fate and could achieve anything given initiative and industry. Samuel Smiles defined self-help in his book of the same title published in 1859 as the root of all genuine growth in the individual  [11]  because it encouraged individuals to work to achieve their full potentials since whatever is done for menà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to a certain extent takes away the stimulus and necessity of doing for themselves; and where men are subjected to over-guidanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the inevitable tendency is to render them comparatively helpless.  [12]  Failure to govern oneself appropriately f rom within in order to improve ones situation was a result not of external factors but of internal deficiencies such as moral ignorance, selfishness, and vice.  [13]  Although the self-help ideology was essentially of middle-class origin and application, its impact was society-wide and spread upwards toward the landed aristocracy as well as downward to the property-less and working class.  [14]  Throughout the nineteenth century, self-help became viewed as the best help for the poor and institutions of self-help were developed to assist the working class to educate and ameliorate the lives of the working class. Perhaps the most important of the philanthropic organizations to lift the masses from the depths of despair  [15]  was the Charity Organisation Society (C.O.S.) founded in London in 1869 where poverty was most severe. Aside from promoting and helping the working classes realize self-help, Victorian charity was also guided by a genuine and persistent fear of social revolution that benefactors hoped siphoning  [16]  off some of their wealth avoid. The C.O.S. was a federation of district communities that aimed to harness charitable effort more effectively in tackling the perceived moral causes of social distress  [17]  and impose upon the life of the poor a system of sanctions and rewards which would convince them that there could be no escape from lifes miseries except by thrift, regularity, and hard work.  [18]  The society was a pioneer in developing professional social work but its social philosophy was rigorously traditionalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [and it became] one of the staunchest defenders of the self-help individualist ethic.  [19]  To C. S. Loch, General Secretary of the C.O.S., charity had nothing to do with poverty [but] social inefficiency.'  [20]  The problem was pauperism the failure of a man to sustain himself and his dependants a situation for the pauper was guilty of moral failure, self-indulgence, and complacency because he was ultimately responsible for creating his own circumstances. The solution and mandate of the C.O.S. in the words of Bernard Bosanquet, the main intellectual champion of the charity organisation movement was to awaken the moral potentialà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ in all people'  [21]  and reform the character of the poor by helping individuals understand their own personal strengths in overcoming adverse circumstances. Despite the work of organizations such as the C.O.S. in the 1880s, there was an increased realisation that the environment, social and physical, played a part in determining mens lives that was beyond their control. The C.O.S. acknowledged that men might need charitable help but were convinced that the amount of poverty was limited and could be handled privately without the need for legislation. The accumulated statistical evidence did not yet exist to disprove the societys contention and it was in this ignorance that Charles Booth began his work. Booth, a Liverpool merchant, was concerned about the sensational reporting of individual cases of hardship and wished to ascertain the validity behind the cases through a scientific inquiry.  [22]  He later said, The lives of the poor lay hiddenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ behind a curtain on which were painted terrible pictures: starving children, suffering womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ giants of disease and despair. Did these pictures truly represent what lay behind, or did they bearà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a relation similar toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [the] booth at some county fair?  [23]  To locate the reality of poverty and distinguish between the emotional superstructure and the statistical basis, Booth launched two pilot studies in 1886 in Tower Hamlets, and again in 1887 in East London and Hackney using the latest statistical and quantitative techniques. Over the course of career, he extended his research over all of London and published his results in seventeen volumes between 1889 and 1903 under the title Life and Labour of the People of London. Booth found that almost one-third of the population in London lived at or below the poverty line of 18 to 21 shillings per week for a moderate family.  [24]  About 1.2 million Britons lived above the poverty line and were at all times more or less in want.'  [25]  For contemporaries, Booths conclusion that 30 percent of Londons population lived in poverty confirmed that the problem was far beyond the scope of private charitable benevolence  [26]  and provided the statistical incentive needed for practical solutions. Advancements in parliamentary democracy in late Victorian England gave the population political influence. Gradual enlargement of the franchise meant that numbers were beginning to count, and this fact was not lost on politicians who realised the need to placate voters. Gareth Stedman Jones summarizes the increased attention paid to the fear of the chronically poor that began to emerge in the 1880s as a neglected and exploited class that might retaliate and contaminate civilised London.  [27]  The anxiety which prompted members of the respectable working and middle classes to agitate for government action resulted in a mass of detailed legislation  [28]  which dealt with social problems like public health, education, working conditions, and housing. Socialism, in its broadest sense, as a willingness to consider with favour interventionist policies intended to benefit the masses  [29]  dominated legislation passed after 1880. Socialist organisations, such as the Fabian Soc iety, the Social Democratic Federation, and the Independent Labour Party, exerted tremendous influence on a wide range of domestic political questions and swelled in popularity, eventually producing a Labour government in the beginning of the twentieth century. The British government undertook a markedly more serious role in the public dispensation of aid to the poor beginning in 1886 with the Chamberlain Circular. Following the alarming riots by unemployed London workers on February 8, 1886, Joseph Chamberlain, President of the Local Government Board in Gladstones third Liberal ministry, issued a circular in March to authorise the arrangement for municipal public works to relieve unemployment. After thorough investigations into the plight of the working classes, the Local Government Board, according to Chamberlain, found evidence of much and increasing privation  [30]  making the creation of public works necessary to prevent large numbers of persons [from being] reduced to greatest straits.  [31]  Aside from authorizing the work projects, Chamberlain takes pains to prevent those who truly needed assistance from experiencing the stigma of pauperism  [32]  and to make it as easy as possible for those who do not ordinarily seek p oor law relief  [33]  to receive help. Chamberlain made it clear for municipal governments to respect the spirit of independence  [34]  of the working classes and not to add to their already exceptional distress.  [35]  Chamberlain painstakingly explained to the municipal authorities that the working class were not lazy, but simply unfortunate because of severe weather problems and cyclical economic downturns. He went so far as to praise the habitual practice of the working class to make great personal sacrifices  [36]  than receive government alms. The circular significantly reveals the shifting attitudes in Victorian Britain towards redefining poverty as a result of personal deficiencies to external factors beyond ones control. As a result of revelations made by Booth and a realization that reliance on the notion of self-help is insufficient, Chamberlain cautions authorities from looking down on the poor as not working hard to improve their own situations. Implicit in the circular is an admission that self-help and the charity organizations have failed and the municipal governments must treat the working classes as deserving the greatest sympathy and respect  [37]  because they would help themselves if they could had formidable external factors not made it imperative for the government to step in to alleviate the dilemma of the working classes. The Chamberlain Circular established the principle that unemployment was in the last resort the responsibility of the whole society and was inappropriately dealt with via the Poor Law.  [38]  The spirit of the Chamberlain Circular culminated in the passage of the Unemployed Workmens Act in 1905 that acknowledged that poverty had economic causes and was not necessarily the result of moral degeneracy. At the turn of the century, Seebohm Rowntree, inspired by Booth, conducted a survey of York that revealed almost one-third of the population of York lived in poverty.  [39]  Rowntrees picture of poverty was near enough to Booths to be mutually reinforcing and to suggest that approaching a third of the urban population of the whole country was living in poverty.  [40]  Following in the footsteps of Booth and Rowntree, surveys were conducted throughout Britain and added to the rediscovery of poverty  [41]  that produced social programs such as the Old-Age Pension Act (1908) and the National Insurance Act (1911), which paved the foundation for the modern welfare state in Britain in 1946.  [42]   Late Victorian England was a period of rapid transition and change. Before 1880, self-help was the virtue that supported Victorian social philosophy. Derived from a faith in human nature and its possibilities, Victorian society demanded self-reliance because it deemed that at the root of a persons circumstances laid an almost limitless moral potential which could be aroused to overcome the worst environmental adversity. Pauperism was seen as a moral failure and paupers as social inefficient and morally degenerate people. Leading philanthropic organisations like the C.O.S. held poverty to be the result of self-indulgence and complacency and tried to use charity as a means to create the power of self-help in the poor. Beginning in the 1880s, the reality of the growth of abject poverty in the midst of plenty shocked Victorian society. A generation of self-help had not produced a better life, and work by men like and Rowntree forcibly made society aware of the penury within it. The notio n that poverty could be the result of complex economic and social factors beyond the individuals control became accepted, and with the expansion of the franchise, social welfare became a fundamental response to democratic demand. As working class consciousness developed and as institutions of working class organisations, such as trade unions, formulated labour demands it became increasingly important for governments to respond. The more the poor acquired votes in the wake of suffrage reform, the more domestic issues dominated the political arena. As democracy broadened, so, too, did the working class aspirations for social betterment.

Canadian Identity Test. :: essays research papers

Canadian Identity Test.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1: The Canadian Identity is the stuff that all Canadian's have in common, it's like we invented hockey so that is considered part of our identity. We also invented Basketball but the U.s. took that away from us by exploting it and saying that because the man was in the U.s. it was not Canadian, but for the people that know they realize that our identity is falling apart because the U.s. is a much bigger country so they have more power.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2: The thing that create our identity our the sports we invented, the way we talk (eh), the courtesy that we have towards other countries, the food we eat, and even the prices we have. More stuff that makes our identity are the amount of racism in our country compared to the U.S. , also the beauty of the land compared to the overpopulated cities in the U.s. We have the Rocky mountains and many other clean and famous landmarks. Also the crime rate is alot lower than in the U.s., and also unlike them we have free health care and a lower pollution rate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3: Canada to me is the best place to live in because we have beautiful landmarks, we have free health care that helps my family alot because of my asthma, we also have a government and a large amount of people that are nice to other countries and are less hated. One main thing known about Canada is that we are a center for sports, we also have less racism than the U.s., because if a black child walked into a school in the U.s. 30 years ago he would be made fun of called names and even failed by the teachers because of his skin color. But back in the 1800's black people thought of Canada as the free land.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4: I think Canada and the U.s are very different because, we have way less violence, we have less pollution, we are more friendlier to our neibouring countries, we have less pollution and free health care for that matter. Most of the popular sports know in days us Canadian's invented even though the U.s. tries to say they might have, we are more of a free country than the U.s. and we aren't even as close to as racist then them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5: Canada and the U.s. are the same because, the businesses from the U.S. are coming to Canada and putting the Canadian buissnesses bankrupt. Also the T.v. sations from the U.s. are on almost all the T.

Murakami as an Existential Writer Essay -- Philosophy, Writing

Existentialism is a 20th century philosophy and school of literature that holds that life is meaningless and chaotic, and any abstract theories about it are useless. All that exists is the world of phenomena as perceived by our senses. Whatever metaphysical concept that lies behind this world is not only impossible to know and understand, but also holds no significant value. The only choice we have to make in life is to accept this world with a kind of determined joy, to discipline ourselves, and to defy the emptiness and the chaos by finding our own meaning in life (â€Å"Friedrich Nietzsche Part 4†). Although Haruki Murakami does not directly express any existential views in What I Talk about When I Talk about Running and Norwegian Wood, he is a quintessential existential writer because so much of existentialism involves the working out of private dilemmas. There is much focus on introversion in existentialism, and it can be seen in the lives of Murakami’s chara cters. In What I Talk About When I Talk About Running, Murakami was facing the dilemma of participating in a 62-mile ultramarathon that took place every June at Lake Saroma in Hokkaido, Japan (104). According to Murakami, â€Å"The runners run around the shores of Lake Saroma, which faces the Sea of Okhotsk. Only once you actually run the course do you realize how ridiculously huge Lake Saroma is† (105). The weather gradually changed from being freezing to being too warm for heavy clothes during the ultramarathon (105). While Murakami was running, he began feeling intense pain in different parts of his body (109). Even so, he felt very happy upon reaching the finish line, not so much pride as a sense of completion (115). Through running, Murakami finds his own meaning... ... Through perseverance, we overcome obstacles and find happiness in this chaotic world of ours. We find our own reasons to live and we choose to hold our own values. All of these things are tenets of existentialism. There is no purpose in life but what we make for ourselves. Works Cited "Friedrich Nietzsche Part 4 - YouTube." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. Web. 25 Sept. 2011. . Murakami, Haruki. What I Talk About When I Talk About Running. New York: Vintage, 2007. Print. Murakami, Haruki. Norwegian Wood. New York: Vintage International, 1987. Print. "Island of Freedom - Sà ¸ren Kierkegaard." RobertHSarkissian.com. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. . Murakami, Haruki, Alfred Birnbaum, and Jay Rubin. The Elephant Vanishes: Stories. (TEV)New York: Knopf, 1993. Print.

Emo Culture Essay

Like the social and fashion trends of eras long gone, emo is not simply about the way you dress – it is a lifestyle. It culminates in your clothing, shoes, hairstyle, attitude and – most importantly – musical selection. This section describes the emo lifestyle and attitudes. People do tend to adopt at least the attitudes of the music they listen to most even if they don’t admit it. This is because a lot of people are not able to separate themselves from the ideas that are expressed. Music is different from other art-forms in that it penetrates the soul in a way something visual cannot. People seem to like to group together for some reason, its in our nature, and â€Å"emo† is just another group or sub-culture. People â€Å"join† it because they might agree with some, most or all of what the group is generally about. Being â€Å"Emo† is just another way that people are trying to express themselves, really the same as other street styles, just with a different soundtrack. In the end, each of the people who have chosen to follow the scene is their own person- they are just part of a scene that is tipped as being defiant and unacceptable- something most young people are drawn to. [To the Top!] What are Emo’s like? Firstly, labeling someone as an emo based on their hair style is a poor way to interpret personal expression, just as calling someone a goth based on their preference for black clothing. Whether or not a person listens to emo music, writes emo poetry, or adopts an alternative lifestyle is a personal decision that does not automatically have anything to do with the colour or cut of their hair. Emo styles are unique, individual looks that say a lot about the persons style, but the emotions behind them may never be understood by anyone else. When referring to a person’s personality and attitude, most definitions of emo include a number of the following terms: sensitive, shy, quiet, sad, introverted, glum, self-pitying, mysterious and angst ridden. Depression and broken-heartedness are sometimes used to describe the emo personality. Emo’s feel society doesn’t accept them, they are outcasts and nobody understands them! This is generalising and it is important to note those into the emo / scene culture can obviously also be the opposite of the personality traits listed above as with anyone. At its core, emo is all about being upfront with your emotions. Hot Topic even issued a patch that read, â€Å"cheer up, emo kid!† These personality traits are often identified by his/her music and fashion (generalising here). For example the emo band Hawthorne Heights contains multiple references to unrequited love, emotional and relationship problems. Many of these traits are present in most teenagers and not just emos! The courting of misery and death is a long-established teenage tradition. When death is a long way off, you can afford to be more morbid about it. In particular, Goths and Emos are a rebellion against sporty, manly cultures. Frailness, which conveys a sense of vulnerability has been associated with the male emo’s in particular, but from what I know this isn’t particularly valid. Finally touching on the term â€Å"scene† that has become popular since the emo subculture kicked off. Scene kids I believe are more about the style and looking like an emo without the personality of it all. In other words, scene kids are the ones that dress emo, but only because it’s a trend or you could say Scene is Emo without the emotion. The term is subject to significant debate like emo though.

The Program No Child Left Behind Education Essay

The NCLB political platform was proposed by the disposal of the death chair George W. Bush dead after they took office. The measure passed on June 14, 2001 and was write in to jurisprudence on January 8, 2002 by the Pre fountnt. The political platform was c either(prenominal)ed to concealment up the educational reform that was based on the notion that set uping of mensurable ends and broad(prenominal) standard scenes could be able to discontinue champion educational results. The Act obliged obligations to moderate and develop appraisals in all prefatory motions and give it to all pupils in drills that generate national support. NCLB does non mown(prenominal)tain any national criterion of accomplishments they be set by each res publica separately. Nevertheless, beat President of the united States Barack Obama during the 2011 State of the Union orchestrate announced that nicklebee is traveling to be replaced. What ar the grounds?Without any(prenominal) o f mo alterations this visualise is improbable could be re-authorized. Sanctions of shutting schools with humble universe demonstration without giving options spot up kids to halt attention schools in vicinity and visit distance schools in which public presentation is higher. It is one allude of admonitory judgment of NCLB. An contrastive negative side is approximately high bets proving that replaced an effectual focusing as a caput focal geological period of trainingal scheduling.Under the present jurisprudence, the AYP ( Adequate Yearly Progress ) is increase either twelvemonth, i.e. any schools, or establishments who in one twelvemonth did nt do the AYP ar often far behind in the fol scummying season. Besides, the NCLB gave just about demands that umteen per centums of feature instruction pupils increase their public presentation at the little or base head to the high or adroit degree. In the NCLB last reauthorization, they allowed up to 3 % of kids to trave l for an interchange appraisal on their degree of disablement. tiddlerren that are 2 or 3 old ages below common grade degree are strikeed to take the suited class degree rating.The divergent job with the bing statute law is that any state has its ain manner of growth its trial. In an dry point of position, the province whose rating is more(prenominal) close to the impression of their pupils on the NAEP does non basically strike the maximal per centum of high degree pupils at the eighth and 11th class, which in other speech shows the silencing of virtually provinces evaluation, most particularly in the southern parts of the get together States. out front to give-and-take critics of NCLB let us tactile property through and through with(predicate) some good sides and accomplishment of the plan. Recent NAEP ( National Assessment of educational Progress ) stickerwashs show accomplishment of pupils in reading and math were improved. The most meaning(a) advancement w as make by baseball club twelvemonth olds kids. Some research workers test to contend the mos of this accomplishment. Nevertheless, the plan was non wholly useless. permit us advert some of import advance.Improvement of local criterions notably brisk York State supported the commissariats of NCLB because they were certain that the plan could let to utilize the longitudinal informations frequently more efficaciously to supervise YAP. hay ( 2008 ) declared that as a issue of nicklebee provinces all over America achieved betterment in their advancement Increased accountability this is the 1 strong positive point that is aimed by NCLB protagonists. Legislation obliges schools to go through annually trials which are traveling to manifestation into how much betterments scholars achieved during a twelvemonth. The trials are the chief mean to see whether a school lives up to the needed criterions or non. If the consequence is negative, a school will play into descend su pport or other type of penalty. Supporters province that NCLB helps schools and instructors to recognize the grandness and signifi hatfulce of the educational system and how the low degree of answerability imp acting the Ameri fag end state. Nevertheless, some oppositions are against a penalty because it would or else impact a school than supporter it because no penalty contri entirelyes to the betterment of schools and pupils charge to minority populations NCLB aimed to make the common outlooks for allbody it meant to light racial and category spread in schools. Harmonizing to the plan s requires, territories and schools speculate to abbreviate on the academic accomplishment of those groups of kids that were traditionally underserved ( for illustration, pupil with disablements, low income or from pagan and racial subgroups ) Quality of instruction an nonesuch end of NCLB plan was to increase the calibre of instruction improve schools public presentation. indispensabil ity for schools supposed to be following to impose in schoolrooms researches that are based on scientific discipline, to supply different plans with parents engagement, to countenance those pupils that were non encouraged in developing lord activity. Besides schools were expected to supply fountain(a) Reading First enterprise to back up early literacy. Language human-centered disciplines, scientific discipline accomplishments, mathematics and emphasised reading required to be let in in to core academic topics.We mentioned some good sides of the plan NCLB. Some of those ends were partly achieved some of them left on a paper of the measure. Let us discourse critical point.The attraction of NCLB s events is vehemently disputed. It is really inviolable to measure the utility-grade of the act this is because it applied to all provinces doing it hard to deduce what would hold happened without the act. Nevertheless, surveies of the province art systems that were in topographic point ahead NCLB specify that liability for consequences led to fast advancement in achievement for the provinces that imparting together such schemes.A The uninterrupted geographical expedition of province trial Markss earlier and after executing of NCLB too supports its approving influence.A Owens & A Sunderman ( 2006 ) mentioned that a chief condemnation emphasizes that NCLB could shrivel operative direction and pupil instruction because it whitethorn do provinces to crucify achievement purposes and influence instructors to leave to the appraisal. boxer ( 2007 ) said that a chief reformative entitlement proclaims that methodical proving offers facts that shed visible radiation sickness on which institutes are non learning unproblematic accomplishments successfully, so that interventions can be made to retrieve merchandises for all students while falling the attainment spread for deprived and handicapped students.The Critiques of NCLB can be systematized into the un dermentioned categorizations surrealistic endsHarmonizing to aluminium State Superintendent Joe Morton on Wednesday, August 11, 2010 There s a misconception in the jurisprudence and everyone are acquainted(predicate) with it, Confering to the No kidskin Left merchant ship Act, by 2014 all kid is supposed to prove on rating degree in analysis and math. Harmonizing to Daggett & A Gendron ( 2010 ) That ca nt go on you lease overly some variables and you see excessively many scenarios, and everybody knows that would neer go on . Harmonizing to Caylor, M. J. , Alabama State Board Member I do nt believe that No Child Left piece of ass has benefited this province. She claimed the end of ampere-second % ability is inaccessible.A Harmonizing to Murray, C A the United States Congress, moving with big bipartizan bulks, at the goad of the President, enacted as the jurisprudence of the primer that all kids are to be in a higher place norm . Bet oning the systemThe schema of temptations and effects sets up a unanimous enthusiasm for institutes, parts, and provinces to act upon trial consequences. For case, schools have been made known to engage creative reclassification of drop-outs to decrease negative measurings ) .Many critics claim that these and other attacks generate an exaggerated ken of NCLB s accomplishments, chiefly in provinces with high fringy populations. Liston, Whitcomb, & A Borko ( 2007 ) stated that the incentives for an sweetener besides may do provinces to decrease their certified ethical motives. For the ground that every province can give its ain logical appraisals, a province can do its general appraisals at simmpleness to upsurge scores.A Missouri, for case, enhanced ambitious tonss unless flexibly self-proclaimed that they pull down the principles.A A 2007 reappraisal by the United States Dept. of gentility specifies that the sensed changes in provinces testified tonss is fundamentally repayable to alterations in the stringency of their ethical motives.Problems with appraise trialsHarmonizing to Abedi ( 2007 ) we see that disparagers have debated that the fire onA consistent analysisA ( all students in a province return equal trial in the same fortunes ) as the agencies of rating inspires instructors to form up a little constituent of abilities that the instructor considers will upsurge appraisal public presentation, kind of than accent on obtaining profound apprehension of the full, wide-ranging prospectus.The physical exertion of giving all students equal test, in the same state of affairss, has been alleged of entire cultural bias for the ground that different civilizations may rate different endowments. Besides, it may fight with theA Persons with Disabilities Education ActA ( IDEA ) , which states that institutes must(prenominal) lodge helpless pupils.Gifted, talented, and high-performing pupilsSpecific local schools are merely endorsing direction for inborn subjects or for dis ciplinary distinguishable instruction. NCLB puts charge on schools to assure that about all students will run into the least science phases that is set by all province in reading, authorship, and computation, but necessitates nil away these lower limits. Plans that are non critical to achieving the tell lowest accomplishments are ignored or disregarded by those quarters. In precise, NCLB does non ask any plans for skilled, talented, and other high-performing scholars.Consequence on human-centered disciplines and electivesThe chief focal point of NCLB is on abilities in reading, composing and arithmetic, which are parts connected to pecuniary success. divided with the economic catastrophes in theA Late 2000s slack, some schools have cut or eradicated Sessionss and resources for many capable extents that are non portion of NCLB s duty principles.A Ever since 2007, about 71 % of schools have abridged some reading clip in topics like history, humanistic disciplines, linguistic co mmunication and music, in attempt to give more period and resources to arithmetic and English.In many schools, the categories remain present, but different pupils who are non adept in basic abilities are sent to disciplinal reading or mathematics lessons instead than humanistic disciplines, athleticss, or other voluntary topics.Restrictions on local controlVariousA conservativeA orA tolerantA critics have claimed that NCLB groups a new customary for regionalizing instruction and puting a form for farther bareness of province and local control. Harmonizing to Dollarhide & A Lemberger ( 2006 ) , libertarians and some conformist farther claim that the aboriginal authorities has noA constitutional authorization in acquisition, which is why part in NCLB is purely elected States need non carry through with NCLB, every bit long as they are eager to release the federal aid that comes with it. The provinces that select non to obtain subsidy will hold their responsibilities used in ano ther province alternatively.Additions Segregation in Public SchoolsSarant ( 2007 ) is certain that many persons study as true that No Child Left Behind has played a portion in the growing of quarantined public institutes. Probes have revealed that many African American bookmans attend the bottommost acting schools in the state, and African Americans score importantly inferior on about every gage of academic wellbeing than do offspring of a Caucasic decent.Sogunro, Faryniarz, & A Rigazio-Digilio ( 2009 ) presented that one current survey has revealed that many schools in California and Illinois that have non encountered AYP bureau 75-85 % switch over pupils while schools run intoing AYP have fewer than 40 % minority pupils. Besides, even though institutes that do non come across AYP are obligatory to offer their bookmans parents the fortune to reassign their pupils to a non-failing institute internal the part, it is non critical that the other school receives the pupil. The parents with more preparation and capitals are most seeming to go forth minor schools. And besides they are more expected to go bad the institutes and do an up-to-date pick on where to handover their kid. This over and over once more intimations to stray schools by reciprocally hurry and category.It is easy to see that it turned to be instead difficult to run sooner good rulings. Some critics argue that NCLB plan is irreclaimable. However, the reform received some proposals. Tommy Thompson, the former Health and Human Services deposit and Roy Barnes, former Georgia Governor, which were co-chairs of the Aspen Commission on No Child Left Behind chopine, made the Commission s final recommendation about reauthorization populace in February 2007. The Commission put attempts on the betterment of NCLB and on doing it more utile in shuting spreads between disadvantage pupils and their equals. The Commission was analyzing the consequence and analysis during one twelvemonth and showed successes of the Program and those facets of it that need to be significantly modify or changed.One more alternate proposal was offered from The Forum on educational Accountability ( FEA ) , the Joint Organizational instruction on NCLB working group. The chief thought of the proposal is to switch the Program NCLB to back uping communities and accountably keep them if they make alterations that help pupils to better acquisition.Sum uping all the information above, we can see that NCLB had many utile ends. decrease spread between disables, racial groups and other kids is among them but the Program demand to be significantly improved. The present President of the United States Barack Obama works on the procedure of the reauthorization for the ESEA that was a precursor of neclebee . He and Congress are presently working on innovation of the reform measures Congress take a firm standing on the emcee amendments to the measure. Obama claims his end to moo that spread between white and black pupils. Now the society is waiting for the new consequences and hope that all positive promises and claims will be achieved in a short clip..

Tourism Management

- Managing Adventure & diverts Tourism Environments personal credit line MODULE TRM341 BA. HONS STRATAGIC phaetonry MANAGEMENT Word Counts - Managing Adventure & loosenesss Tourism Environments COURSE MODULE TRM341 BA. HONS STRATAGIC TOURISM MANAGEMENT Word Counts mention I would like to thank my lecturer Mr Li Yee for his guidance in this report. ContentsAcknowledgement1 Introduction3 stopping point4 utilise Strategies7 Effectiveness of enforced Strategy10 Recommendations11 Conclusion18 References20 Introduction Sports touristry foot be delimit as perishs away from ones base refacence to piece of musicicipate in period of plays makeivity for fun or aspiration, travel to observe period of play and grassroots or elite take. And travel to visit a sport currentiseion much(prenominal)(prenominal) as sports third ho subroutine of fame or weewee Park. Gibson, Attle, Yiannakis, 1997) On the opposite hand accident touristry rouse be simply defined as Recreationa l travel including variety of rugged activities for adventure. Adventures and sports touristry net turn a profit economies by providing a fast source of income for topical anesthetic anesthetic anesthetic g any everywherenment and community, supporting the sustaining melioratement and protection for surround and encouraging culture fill in betwixt the true countries and the initiateing world.If the un dilateed tourism refinement do non focus on their tourism, it testament be re t push by with(predicate) ensembley hard for them to improve their poor site of stinting, surround and culture. Adventure and sports holidaymakers foot be attract for a certain close by aspect at the facilities and purlieu of that range such as hotels operates, price of goods in the bea, transport services, travel agencies, chairs, airlines, friendly and heathen aspects of life and most(prenominal) important sustainable natural resources. Ralf Buckley, 2006) A tourism sports dep ot hobo be attractive for m whatsoever reasons different types sports activities in big city or some clock big sports events in sm wholly cities, beautiful islands or b each(prenominal), recreation activities, sports activities for family fun and so on most of all a unique atmosphere of sport and adventure. Destination In perspective of western Cambria sports and adventures tourism it leave behinds to tourists Attractions which related to sports such as sports theme park, hiking, bungee start etc.West Cambria tourism site has racyest mountain such as scafell, including stunning coastline and wastwater, besides resorts arse be implicate with sports tourism activities. According to Cumbria tourism statistics, each year 35 jillion day trippers and 5 million overnight visitants spend their night Cumbria is a place where tourists loll a chance to attend all the sports events. As a true and easy ceremonious polish the Ecological environment of sports and adventures touri sm is non only about green tourism nevertheless likewise deeply related with socio culture with Cambria tourism.Naturally sustainable environment of sports and adventures tourism in atomic number 74 Cambria likewise socio-culturally respectful and exhaust a huge do on both the natural environment and the pitying population including man do tourism destination. sustainable environment of west Cambria tourism often involves locals of conflicting aras perplex and interacting with unusualers. Multi-Sport Activities it is visible outdoor activities. Rafting, mountain biking, climbing, surfing, diving, etc. all offered in the same package. West Cambria tourism forgets these sports facilities.Sports included in west Cambria Angling, Archery, Athletics, Badminton, Baseball & Softball, Basketball, Boccia, Bowls, Canoeing, Cricket, Cycling, Dance, harm Sports, Fencing, Football, Golf, Gymnastics, Handball, Hockey, Judo, Netball, Orienteering, Outdoor Activities, rounder, Rowi ng, Rugby, Running, Sailing & Windsurfing, Scuba & Snorkelling, Snow sports, squelch & Racket ball, Swimming, Table Tennis, Tennis, Triathlon, Volleyball, Walking Water, Polo, Weight Lifting and Wheelchair Basketball. The kind between sustainable tourism and oppositesAs a sports destination Sports destination West Cumbria tourism has all the strength to be sustainable. According to West Cumbria adventure and sports tourism, race between ecological and socio cultural goat be comp ar through their essential facts for each other Ecological factors relate to socio cultural environment 1. place lineament of the area, 2. Transportation, Parking facilities 3. Pollution discharge do by, 4. Water property for sports activities, 5. Waste management facilities 6. Land and coastal resources etc. Socio-cultural fact relates to Ecological environment . match population of the area, 2. Health care facilities for local and tourists. 3. nation employment patterns, job market freedom and locals attitudes to work, 4. mixer attitudes and Lifestyle and cross cultural intellectual. 5. Roman hereditary pattern 6. Locals cultural activities & interests on tourism 7. Financial services, investiture 8. Resorts, hotel and bivouacking services 9. Entertainment facility and tourist Information service make forr. Adventure and sports tourism has brought expectant number into contact with each other in west Cambria.As ecological tourism has an educational element it groundwork foster understanding between people and cultures and provide socio-cultural exchange between soldierss and tourists. This annexs the chances for people to develop rough-cut humanity and understanding and to pare prejudices. A Socio cultural and ecological coitionship has added to a greater extent vitality of west Cambria communities in many ways. Such as sports events and adventures activities of the local residents where they have been the primary participants and spectators. Often these are unfermented and veritable in response to tourist interests.Implemented Strategies The West Cambria tourism is an award winning destination for tourism in 2011 it is also one of the most spectacular beaches in UK and an area that has been popular for many years. To develop Adventure and sports tourism Allerdale Borough Council and Carlisle Leisure limited on 1 April 2004 developed a sustainable tourism schema. The aim was to balance the need to manage and shore forth sports tourism to the area with the need to avoid prejudicious the very natural assets on which the tourism assiduity depended. Interest in the idea of sustainable tourism is greatest in those countries where there is a high level of interest in sustainable ontogenesis in general. (John Swarbrooke, 1999) To ensure the strategy was tailored to the involve of the area, authorities engaged in a sizeable amount of consultation prior to writing the document. This obscure meetings with key s watchholders, Nat ional benchmarking survey of tourism chest the result of this consultation was that many valuable ideas construed via the process made it into the strategy and action plan.Following the secondary method of research the employ strategic objectives poop be pointed out 1. more(prenominal) visitors from foreign the portion 2. much overnight visitors 3. More pedigree and high- judge empty visitors 4. More private welkin tourism investment. Enhancing the West Cumbria tourism for residents and visitors to prepare 1. World-class cultural/sport/leisure facilities 2. High standards of quality 3. Avenues for learning, stemma support and careers 4. Jobs and stinting gain ground through sports and adventure tourism 5. sustainable education (environmentally, socially, economically) 6.Local and regional pride. Some of the tourism peck wad be explained as follows Performance of tourism businesses 1. To encourage businesses to invest in the range and quality of their facilities wh ere required 2. To encourage the entire sector to value customer service and to invest in provide skills. Marketing promotions/Events and festivals The strategy focuses on sports events and festivals, in particular proposition those that have the potential to attract crude visitors to the region, generate short breaks and which also demonstrablely add to the mental image and profile of the West Cumbria region.Where possible these major events and festivals should strengthen other market harvest-feast opportunities. The strategy also recognises that locally distinct events hindquarters enhance maven of place, sense of community and add value to the visitor experience. They construct new opportunities for visitor spends particularly for discover and for have and drinking. Collectively they brush off strengthen the regional events and festivals profile. Hospitality Services The restaurant, hotels, bar etc. rowth prospect as being about the quality of the eating experience the presentation of the food, the ambience of the eating out experience including genuine customer service. It may also be about local ready and the place of origin of food. Destination management Implemented strategy can be explained as 1. Working with local businesses to taunt up quality, encourage use of local produce and enhance the customer service 2. To invest in the presentation and marketing of farmers markets and food and drink events 3. To use food and drink as one ocus for destination marketing where it presents a strong and quality experience 4. To encourage all aspects of the food and drink sector that deal with consumers to value customer service and the skills of their mental faculty and invest in them. West Cambria tourism implemented strategy can be summarised as 1. provide all sports and adventures visitors a high quality, enjoyable and fulfilling experience 2. To ensure that tourism meets its potential as a driver of the local economy, bringing prosperity and jobs passim the area 3. To ensure local communities are not adversely affected by tourism 4.To develop the appreciation of west Cambria distinctiveness as someplace to live, work and visit 5. To encourage tourism enterprises, their suppliers and customers to reduce the impact of tourism on the environment. Implemented strategy can be summarised as The objective is to prevent the economic and social advantages of tourism outgrowth tour reducing or mitigating any undesirable impacts on the natural, historic, cultural or social environment. Allerdale tourism council mash an important role in ensuring the continued collecting of tourism in the tourist area. Effectiveness of Implemented StrategyBruce J. Dierenfield (2003p,212) Found that although there are numerous disconfirming forge of hordeing sport tourism be create of the expected emolument for the community and local business often perk up potential host community to ignore any negative impact that may occur. These inc lude putting the country in global world, showing the destination, promoting semipolitical system, creating new business, attracting investment, creating job and urban renewal including housing, and pedestal will contri neverthelesse to the phylogenesis of the country, and benefit citizens over a long period of conviction.Positive sides sports adventure tourism outgrowth plan for west Cambria, mainly concentrate local benefits Current strategy can helps upgrade funds for environmental protection, research and education through a variety of mechanisms, sports events entrance fees, hotel, airline and aerodrome levyes and voluntary contributions. The local community also can be benefited. The jobs created by tourism can act as a very important motive to reduce emigration.Local people can also increase their influence on tourism development, as rise up as improve their job, earnings prospects, through tourism-related passkey training, development of business and organisation al skills. Sports tourism can bring people into contact with each other and, as tourism has an educational element, it can foster understanding between peoples and cultures and provide cultural exchange between hosts and guests. Because of this, the chances increase for people to develop mutual sympathy and understanding and to reduce their prejudices.Negative Sides Sports tourism development can creates additional demand for land and competition from the growing potential buyers. The demand for more hotels and tourist facilities brings sources of income to builders, real estate agent and landowners but the local residents are forced to pay more for their homes and larger tax duties increase in land values. In addition, increase demands for basic services and goods from tourists will often cause price hikes that negatively affect local residents whose income does not increase proportionately.On the other hand, the development of tourism may cause inflation in prices of goods. The i ssue with seasonal worker workers is another negative aspect. They face job in aegis, collectable to the completion of projects. Thus, there will be deficiency of guarantee of employment from one season to another. Recommendations authentic transportation Sport-tourism is a powerful force for development that encourage investment in al-Qaeda projects such as airport , roads that can be enjoyed by local people as well as tourist who came to use them. Joy Standeven, capital of Minnesota de Knop, 1999, p 66) Travel service providers in the tourist destination area, such as airlines, railways, and bus service need to be sufficient and well developed to avoid all sort of hassle skill impact for tourist or destination. To achieve great competitive advantage transport companies should have a sophisticated planning the transportation sector is incessantly a large and growing market in UK tourism. Security and personal refuge Security is a major issue for any tourism destination, for a large destination security sometime mayhap its not enough to only depending on local police or community service.Private security services can be included, with modern television camera technology, professionals to maintain successful tourism destination. The best mannequin of action is to blend human security with technology. Managing adventure and sports safety remains an important topic to tourism industriousness. Perceived or real threats to sports person safety have immediate impacts on a destinations write up and can dramatically affect visitation. If visitor health and safety is not well managed, adverse incidents can heartyly impact on the profitability and sustainability of an mortal business, community or destination.So its should be a compulsory objective for tourism organiser to have sufficient safety services. Developed infrastructure phaeton development indicates that infrastructure accordingly developed. The provision of infrastructure- the bodily structure of roads, and the system of electricity supply, water supply and sewages disposal, hospital, churches, schools and shop become necessary when an area is developed for the tourism. Indeed, in regions away from the main cities, a kind of micro-urbanization has to take place to attract tourists who assemble in such places to escape environmental monotony of their workday in cities.The tourists are prepared to live in the clusters of cottages but at the same time they demand most of the modern comforts to which they are accustomed with the possibility of a shopping centre, amusements and services to be made available at hand. Capacity of accommodating sports tourists Carrying cleverness for tourism is similar in some ways to ecological carrying capacity and different in others. Ultimately, physical resources limit both population and tourist levels. A dearth of land, shortage of food, or decline in water quality and availability will chop-chop put the brakes on both types of growth.Bu t for tourism, cultural resources are also a concern. A well-developed tourism destination should provide an efficient accommodated service for their tourists. engineering science applied to the provision of sports and adventure activities The proficient environment plays a huge role and influence on the Sport-tourism through globalization due to the innovation of proficient thought. For example the implication of restaurants and hotels has been joined by the technical strategy which connects the world through electronic business to exchange goods and services.Furthermore the internet has revolutionised the way executive and business partners operate and cash rings are replaced by credit and debit card payment system. This expert change will allow the use of electronic head fund to be more sinless on the information exchange and the target market (Weed et al, 2004 p, 33) Sport tourism may benefit from technological innovation such as currency exchange rate, details about accom modation, climate, culture, language, entertainment places, and requirement initiation for visa.The technology infrastructure has opened a new way for Sport tourism to reach the outdoor(a) world and enter to the competitive edge in the market share. (Devine et al, 2009 p, 17). As the technology evolves and develops within the Sport tourism, stakeholders will find themselves with clear opportunities and one challenge emerging from this will be to streamline and modify the transaction and consumption of products. This will require face at global shift in consumer attitudes, trailing new motivations or opportunity in rank to communicate and convince consumers (Knowles et al, 2004 p, 32).Technological developments are increasing rapidly. unsanded recreation products, such as all-terrain vehicles and wind surfers, provide new ways for people to satisfy their unskilled preferences. New production Technologies and materials offer recreation and tourism businesses ways to reduce be and improve the quality of their products/services. Advances in telecommunications have and will continue to create new promotional opportunities. Technological innovations, in relation to jobs and the home, have resulted in increased leisure time for many people.Nowadays sports have become a part of our life. Sports have become one of the best interests of the people. indoor(a) sports activities for tourism is very popular fast growing. Sports are mainly related with the physical element of the automobile trunk such like running, throwing, jumping, sliding, hitting, shooting, catching etc. , and at present time all those sports are depending on technological supports, as technology helps to give a fair result in any sports competition as well as sports person safety. engineering applied in modern gym helps to improve physical stamina through different level of exercise.For example, Technology applied Sport tourism includes rafting, parity bit gliding, bungee jump with crane, sky diving, and many more. preparedness of change activities Diversified activities for tourism destination can create opportunity for more profits in local business. A tourism destination diversification can be point out as Tourist Accommodation Bed and breakfast hotel, resorts, camping facilities or caravan sites. Tourist recreation Trekking holidays, inheritance attractions, sports events and festivals, mountain biking/walking routes, clay pigeon shooting, archery, quad biking .Strategies can be including for Successful development 1. Seasonal sports tourism offer 2. Marketing on Sports and adventures tourism activities 3. Ensuring each year sports tourism events got different attractions 4. Identifying major activities what can bring more tourists 5. Infrastructure investment targeting diversified activities More activities can be added as west Cambria has a suitable for sports and adventures tourism 1. Horseback ride 2. Hang gliding, 3. Ballooning, 4. Parachuting Professionali sm of service staff The professionalism in sports and adventures tourism is very vital.Becoming sports trainer or guide for tourism activities increased responsibility for the profession about of the time a destination in store(predicate) depends on their professional services. Professionalism can create demand for sports tourism, as a well-trained sports guide or trainer does misplay in rare occasion and that attracts sports tourists. Political constancy Political stability can create significant impact on any tourism industry an unstable political condition can foul up major sports events, same time it can erupt the economic development of Destination.A stable optical blank space can creates good economy, jobs, use of resources and growth of development. The brass significantly by their activities may seriously influence the economic and non-economic opportunities essential in the creation of the conditions that lease to the development of a business. Whether the Sport to urism development is encouraged or blocked, depends very much on the governing body policy and political view. (Tom Hinch, James Higham, 2011 p 206) Economic status of the destinationForeign Exchange Earnings The expenditure of traveller brings income to the hosting country and possibly will pull in a significant investment to finance growth in other economic sectors. An important index finger of sports tourism development is its generate foreign exchange earnings The economic impact of tourism is massive. Tourism is generally regarded as labour-intensive. It generates direct just time employment in such dinner dress sectors as hotels, restaurants, transport services, travel agencies, guides and foreign airlines, etc. be In business, cost is usually a monetary paygrade of (1) effort, (2) material, (3) resources, (4) time and utilities consumed, (5) risks incurred, and (6) opportunity forgone in production and words of a good or service. All expenses are costs, but not all co sts (such as those incurred in acquisition of an income-generating asset) are expenses. A large number of deal and gold will be costing the host destination of the event and local taxpayers for Sport tourism development. Developers will need the government to improve infrastructure which includes the airport, roads and others which are high-priced activities for the government. ports and adventures tourism development costs can be divided in two parts, if the negative aspects of costs can be save than there will be benefit, on the other hand positive has always profitable for stake holders. Positive Costs Negative Costs 1. Tourist spending capital returned to local economy as it is worn out(p) over and over again. 1. Over tourism can personal effects social community such as tourism can increase drug related activities. 2. turn and stabilize the local economy. 2. Illegal prostitution can be harmful for sports destination.As tourists has a weak side for sexual activities. 3 . Governments get a chance to add up extra tax through tourism. 3. Overcrowding and congestion. 4. Fosters preservation and preservation of natural, cultural and historical resources. 4. Crime activities can be increased. 5. Encourages the preservation and celebration of local sport events or festivals. 5. Natural resources and historical sites can be damaged for overcrowding. 6. Local charity can posit fund through regular tourism. 6. Over development can be cost local government. 7.Tourism money can be spending to create more technological development in activity area. 7. Developers from outside the destination can take the profit away. From an economic point of view of the above table showcasing the region and its natural beauty should enhance its reputation as an attractive tourist destination. Good organisation and infrastructure could be highlighted to further promote investment in sports destination. More convenient and modern venues are plausibly to attract highe r number of spectators and perhaps host upcoming mega-events which will generate higher income to the destination.Conclusion Sport and adventure tourism development can benefit economies by providing a fast source of income for local government and community, supporting the sustaining improvement and protection for environment and encouraging culture exchange between the developed countries. In perspective of the west Cambria tourism, with major sports or adventure events can speed up the development and growth and these includes Tourists arrivals sports team or sports man, media, officials and fans arriving into the destination from crossways the country and across the world for the events.Destination revenues money spent by visitors spending time in the destination over the period of the sports events. Investment in destination money injected into the west Cambria destination for infrastructure development. role for locals many of the locals will have the opportunity to get empl oyed in during the sports events. Skills development knowledge and skills transfer which result from sports events preparations which remain in the minds and lives. Popularity By mental synthesis of profile of the Cambria tourism as a host destination through media exposure of the event.The long-term benefits of a sports destination far outweigh the short-term cost. though creating a modern facilitate destination can destroy some part nature. In that strip developers should focus without destroying the nature adopting sustainable tourism. Sustainable tourism is considerably beneficial in the respect of environment. For developing tourism business, most developed destination provides financial support or material resource for the preservation of the local environment and natural resources.It can create balance between limits and usage of nature through monitoring and planning to ensure that sustainable tourism can be managed besides developed sports tourism. Sustainable developmen t of sports destination must include the interests of all stakeholders including local communities, visitors, related business industry and government. Suggestions for the future development of this sports destination References Books 1. Weed M, Bull, C, 2004. Sport tourism Participants, policy and providers, 4th Edition. London UK Elseviers experience and Technology. E-Books 2. Tim Knowles, Dimitrios Diamantis, Joudallah Bey El-Mourhabi, J. 2004.The Globalization of Tourism and Hospitality A strategical Perspective. 2nd Edition. London Thomson Learning Available at http//books. google. co. uk/books? id=uEi5NkHg0ZsCprintsec=frontcoverdq=The+Globalization+of+Tourism+and+Hospitality+A+ strategical+Perspectivehl=enei=Y1HhTqinF9Do8QOmzPD_Awsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CEMQ6AEwAAv=onepageq=The%20Globalization%20of%20Tourism%20and%20Hospitality%3A%20A%20Strategic%20Perspectivef= spurious Articles 3. Devine, A, Boyle, E, Boyd, S, 2009. Towards a theory of collaborative advanta ge for the sport tourism policy arena. Available